Ports are undergoing constant transformation, induced by changes in the global economy, technology, or the environment. Port reform is influenced by factors that include aspirations for change underpinned by complex internal and external drivers. In a sector where public and private interests must work together, closely managing change is important. Having the right tools is key for a successful port reform and improvement process which enables economic growth, creates jobs, and fosters sustainable development. For over two decades, the Port Reform Toolkit has been one of the most comprehensive guides for implementing port reforms. Along the way, the Toolkit has evolved in response to changing sectoral trends. The first edition, published in 2001, established a common language for policymakers and port industry stakeholders. It has since become the established reference for port privatization, labor, and modernization programs. Further experiences from a first wave of port reforms in Latin America, Africa, and Asia in the 1990s and early 2000s informed the second edition of the Toolkit, which was released in 2007. By that time, ports in developing economies had attracted over 21 billion dollars in investments from over 200 public-private partnership projects. In this context, the Port Reform Toolkit enabled port stakeholders to provide strategic advice to governments and the private sector.

港口正经历持续变革，这种变革由全球经济、技术或环境的变化所驱动。港口改革受到诸多因素影响，包括基于复杂内外动因的变革愿景。在这个公共与私营利益必须协同合作的领域，精密管理变革至关重要。拥有合适的工具是成功实施港口改革与提升进程的关键，这一进程能够促进经济增长、创造就业并推动可持续发展。二十余年来，《港口改革工具包》始终是实施港口改革最全面的指导文件之一。该工具包随着行业趋势的变化不断演进：2001年发布的第一版为政策制定者和港口业利益相关方建立了通用术语体系，此后成为港口私有化、劳动力改革和现代化项目的既定参考标准。2007年发布的第二版融入了1990年代至21世纪初拉丁美洲、非洲和亚洲第一轮港口改革的实践经验。截至当时，发展中经济体的港口已通过200多个公私合作项目吸引了超210亿美元投资。在此背景下，《港口改革工具包》助力港口利益相关方为政府及私营部门提供战略建议。

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstreams/17d9b405-1ef6-4347-becb-af92df8cf1f8/download